Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the four layers of the digestive tract wall from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

Question 2

A patient has difficulty moving food from the mouth to the esophagus. Which structure is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Pharynx

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the brush border of the villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increased absorption and enzymatic digestion

Question 4

The muscular layer of the stomach is unique because it contains an additional layer. What is this layer called?

Accepted Answer

Oblique muscle layer

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Protein digestion

Question 6

A patient has a blockage in the cystic duct. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Release of bile from the gallbladder

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates the ejection of bile from the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 8

The hepatic portal vein delivers which type of blood to the liver?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from the small intestine

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the digestive tract region with its function?

Accepted Answer

Stomach: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Question 10

A patient is unable to produce insulin. Which part of the pancreas is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic islets

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the path that food takes through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ esophagus $\rightarrow$ stomach $\rightarrow$ small intestine $\rightarrow$ large intestine $\rightarrow$ rectum

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical processing of food and beginning of carbohydrate digestion

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of G cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

They secrete gastrin, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juices and increases stomach motility.

Question 14

A patient has a deficiency in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals in the villi of the small intestine

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the two sphincters that control the exit of feces from the rectum/anal canal?

Accepted Answer

The external anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle, and the internal anal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a digestive organ and its accessory function?

Accepted Answer

Liver: production of bile for fat digestion

Question 17

A patient with liver disease is unable to store glycogen and vitamins efficiently. Which function of the liver is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Storage of nutrients

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

The hepatic artery proper delivers oxygen-rich blood from the aorta, while the hepatic portal vein delivers nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from the small intestine.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

It has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Question 20

Which hormone is responsible for elevating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Digestive System: Structure and Function Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards