Question 1

Which layer of the alimentary canal is primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients and protection of underlying tissues?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 2

A patient presents with chronic heartburn and is diagnosed with GERD. Which anatomical structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac (esophageal) sphincter

Question 3

Which enzyme, secreted by the salivary glands, initiates the chemical breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 4

The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland. Which of the following is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of insulin

Question 5

Which structure increases the surface area of the small intestine for absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 6

A newborn is treated with bili lights for jaundice. What is the physiological reason for this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To reduce elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 8

A patient with celiac disease has damage to which structure, leading to malabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Villi of the small intestine

Question 9

Which anatomical feature allows the stomach to expand after eating or drinking?

Accepted Answer

Rugae

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of regions in the small intestine from proximal to distal?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Water reabsorption

Question 12

A patient with gallstones is most likely to have a blockage in which duct, preventing bile from reaching the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Common bile duct

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$} $$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Increasing nutrient absorption

Question 16

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary contractions of smooth muscle that push food along the digestive tract

Question 17

A patient with pernicious anemia is unable to absorb vitamin B12 due to a deficiency in which stomach secretion?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of chronic bulimia on the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal inflammation and rupture

Question 19

Which structure is responsible for controlling the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the role of intestinal microbiota in human health?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain a balance of beneficial bacteria, and disruption can lead to illness

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions