Q: Which equation best represents the chemical breakdown of a triglyceride during digestion?

$$\text{Triglyceride} + 3\ \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Glycerol} + 3\ \text{Fatty acids}$$

Q: Which of the following equations best represents the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

$$\text{Starch} + \text{Amylase} \rightarrow \text{Maltose}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the four layers of the GI tract wall from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty absorbing nutrients after a small bowel resection. Which histological feature of the small intestine is most responsible for maximizing absorption?

Accepted Answer

Highly folded mucosa with villi and microvilli

Question 3

Which digestive system function involves the movement of food and secretions along the GI tract by coordinated muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Mixing and propulsion

Question 4

Which accessory organ produces bile, stores nutrients, and detoxifies drugs and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 5

During chemical digestion, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of the lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter?

Accepted Answer

Allows food to enter the stomach and prevents reflux into the esophagus

Question 7

A patient with a deficiency in parietal cell function would most likely have trouble with which process?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of vitamin B12

Question 8

Which equation best represents the chemical breakdown of a triglyceride during digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 3\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Glycerol} + 3\ 	ext{Fatty acids}$$

Question 9

Which structure anchors the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Mesentery

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile

Question 11

A patient with a blocked hepatopancreatic duct would have impaired delivery of which substances to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Bile and pancreatic juice

Question 12

Which layer of the GI tract wall contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and neurons of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Submucosa

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Provides insulation, immune protection, and helps contain inflammation in the abdomen

Question 14

Which process is responsible for moving the end products of digestion from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match between a digestive enzyme and its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Lipase – fats

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the stomach that is NOT shared by the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid

Question 17

A patient with a damaged pyloric sphincter would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled release of stomach contents into the duodenum

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Starch} + 	ext{Amylase} ightarrow 	ext{Maltose}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the serosa/adventitia layer of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

It secretes a slippery, watery fluid and is also known as the visceral peritoneum

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Histology (ANAT 100 Study Notes)

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