Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the muscularis externa layer of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Generation of peristaltic movements to propel food

Question 2

A patient has a tumor compressing the submucosal plexus (Meissner’s) in their small intestine. Which GI tract function is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of glandular secretions

Question 3

Which of the following organs is classified as retroperitoneal and is part of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Ascending colon

Question 4

During abdominal surgery, a surgeon notes that an organ is completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum and is highly mobile. Which organ is the surgeon most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 5

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the GI tract layers from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa → Submucosa → Muscularis externa → Serosa

Question 6

A patient with a blocked bile duct would most likely have impaired digestion of which macromolecule, and which accessory organ is primarily responsible for producing the substance involved?

Accepted Answer

Fats; liver

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the greater omentum is sometimes referred to as the 'policeman of the abdomen'?

Accepted Answer

It contains immune cells and can limit the spread of infection

Question 8

If the myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s) is damaged, which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of peristalsis

Question 9

A patient presents with severe dehydration due to excessive water loss in feces. Which GI tract function is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Compaction

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesentery?

Accepted Answer

Secreting digestive enzymes into the GI tract

Question 11

A gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) patient is advised to eat smaller, more frequent meals. This advice is based on the gallbladder’s normal function, which is to:

Accepted Answer

Store and concentrate bile for release during meals

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the GI tract and accessory digestive organs?

Accepted Answer

Accessory organs aid digestion but food does not pass through them

Question 13

A patient with a perforated duodenum is at risk for peritonitis. Which anatomical feature explains this risk?

Accepted Answer

The peritoneal cavity contains serous fluid that can spread infection

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of food through the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the pancreas is considered a retroperitoneal organ (except for its tail)?

Accepted Answer

It is located behind the parietal peritoneum and is relatively fixed in place

Question 16

Which of the following statements about peristalsis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves coordinated contractions of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers

Question 17

A patient with a congenital absence of the muscularis mucosae would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Secretion and local movement of the mucosa

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Reducing friction between moving organs

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the submucosa in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels, glands, and the submucosal plexus

Question 20

A patient with a traumatic injury to the abdominal wall develops an infection that spreads to the parietal peritoneum. Which of the following best describes the location of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Lining the inner surface of the abdominal wall

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Peritoneal Anatomy Unit 4 Week 11 LO's

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