Q: Which of the following equations best represents the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver during low blood sugar?

$$\text{Glycogen} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mesentery in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It provides a route for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive viscera.

Question 2

A patient presents with chronic inflammation that has destroyed the periodontal ligament and activated osteoclasts. Which condition does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Periodontal disease (periodontitis)

Question 3

During swallowing, which structure rises to block the trachea and prevent food from entering the airway?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 4

Which layer of the GI tract is primarily responsible for segmentation and peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 5

A patient has difficulty digesting fats due to a lack of bile salts. Which organ is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the epithelial tissue lining the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

The mouth, esophagus, and anus are lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial digestion of starches in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 8

If a patient has a deficiency in brush border enzymes, which of the following would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon.

Question 10

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients efficiently due to a loss of surface area in the small intestine. Which structures are most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Villi and microvilli

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and some vitamins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation that propel food forward

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver during low blood sugar?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of gastrin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits pepsinogen secretion from chief cells

Question 15

A patient with a damaged mucosal barrier in the stomach is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Corrosive damage from stomach acid

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts and lecithin in digestion?

Accepted Answer

They aid in the breakdown and absorption of fats.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical digestion of a disaccharide by a brush border enzyme?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Lactose} \xrightarrow{	ext{Lactase}} 	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Galactose}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mass peristalsis moves contents quickly into the rectum.

Question 19

A patient with a blocked appendix is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to its role in the immune system (MALT)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the esophagus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

To protect against abrasion from food passage

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Processes

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