Question 1

Which of the following correctly identifies the two main groups of organs in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Accessory organs and gastrointestinal tract

Question 2

Which sequence correctly lists the organs of the GI tract in order from mouth to anus?

Accepted Answer

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main accessory organs of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 4

During digestion, which process involves the movement of food through the GI tract by muscular contractions?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 5

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for absorption and secretion, and contains epithelial cells, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 6

The 'brain' of the gut, which controls local GI tract motility and secretions, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a retroperitoneal organ?

Accepted Answer

An organ located behind the peritoneum, such as the kidneys

Question 8

Which extension of the peritoneum is responsible for attaching the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Mesenteries

Question 9

Which salivary enzyme initiates the hydrolysis of starch in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 10

A patient presents with difficulty swallowing and food entering the nasal cavity. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Soft palate

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the type of tooth with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Incisors – cutting

Question 12

The rhythmic contraction of the muscularis that pushes food through the GI tract is called:

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 13

Which sphincter guards the entrance to the stomach from the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 14

Which of the following is responsible for the acidity of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H}^+)$$

Question 15

Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin by which substance in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl})$$

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates the stomach to produce more gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 17

During the intestinal phase of gastric secretion, which hormone is released to inhibit gastric activity and stimulate pancreatic juice secretion?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 18

Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic lipase

Question 19

Bile salts are essential for which digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Question 20

A patient with obstructed bile flow may develop pale stools. Which pigment is responsible for the normal color of feces?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Digestive System Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions