Q: A nerve conduction study is performed by stimulating a nerve at one point and recording activity at a second point a known distance away. If the distance between electrodes is $$d = 0.5\,\text{m}$$ and the measured time for the response is $$t = 2\,\text{ms}$$, what is the nerve conduction velocity?

$$v = \frac{d}{t} = \frac{0.5}{0.002} = 250\,\text{m/s}$$

Question 1

A patient presents with sharp, spasm-like pain along the course of the trigeminal nerve. Which condition best describes this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Neuralgia

Question 2

A nerve conduction study is performed by stimulating a nerve at one point and recording activity at a second point a known distance away. If the distance between electrodes is $$d = 0.5\,	ext{m}$$ and the measured time for the response is $$t = 2\,	ext{ms}$$, what is the nerve conduction velocity?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t} = \frac{0.5}{0.002} = 250\,	ext{m/s}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to result from a spinal cord injury that temporarily disrupts the micturition reflex?

Accepted Answer

Atonic bladder

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with microcephaly after prenatal exposure to the Zika virus. Which of the following best describes the anatomical consequence?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a small brain and reduced skull size

Question 5

A patient with Horner’s syndrome will most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms on the affected side?

Accepted Answer

Ptosis, constricted pupil, and lack of sweating

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the effect of a cordotomy procedure?

Accepted Answer

Surgical severing of a spinal cord tract to relieve pain

Question 7

A person with hypersomnia sleeps up to 15 hours daily. Which of the following best explains the prefix 'hyper-' in this context?

Accepted Answer

'Hyper-' means excess, indicating excessive sleep duration

Question 8

A patient is unable to articulate speech due to weakness and uncoordinated motion of the muscles involved in speaking. Which cranial nerves are most likely implicated if the speech is nasal and breathy?

Accepted Answer

IX, X, and XII

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormal sensations such as burning, numbness, or tingling in the absence of external stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Paresthesia

Question 10

A patient with a learning disability affecting the ability to read, but not intelligence, is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia

Question 11

Which of the following is a disorder of the peripheral nerves characterized by loss of nerve function, often assessed by nerve conduction studies?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 12

A patient is prescribed an analgesic. What is the primary effect of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to feel pain without loss of consciousness

Question 13

A person faints after prolonged standing due to a drop in blood pressure and decreased blood flow to the brain. Which condition does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Vasovagal syncope

Question 14

Which of the following best describes dystonia?

Accepted Answer

Impaired muscle tone

Question 15

A patient undergoes a vagotomy to treat a peptic ulcer. What is the expected physiological outcome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased secretion of gastric juice

Question 16

Which of the following is a group of developmental neurological conditions characterized by difficulty in communication, forming relationships, and responding to stimuli, often appearing in the first three years of life?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 17

A patient presents with abnormal sensations such as burning and tingling, but no external stimulus is present. Which diagnostic test would best assess the integrity of the affected nerves?

Accepted Answer

Nerve conduction studies

Question 18

A person with a disorder of the brain is diagnosed with encephalopathy. Which of the following best describes the term 'encephalopathy'?

Accepted Answer

Any disease or disorder of the brain

Question 19

A patient with a flaccid bladder that overfills and allows urine to dribble through the sphincters is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Atonic bladder

Question 20

A patient with a hoarse, strained voice is found to have lesions in upper motor pathways. Which condition does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Dysarthria

Disorders and Clinical Terms of the Nervous System

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