Q: A 45-year-old patient presents with a total cholesterol of 260 mg/dL, LDL of 170 mg/dL, HDL of 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 200 mg/dL. Using the Friedewald equation, what is the calculated LDL-C value for this patient?

$$LDL\text{-}C = 260 - 35 - \frac{200}{5} = 185\ mg/dL$$

Question 1

A 45-year-old patient presents with a total cholesterol of 260 mg/dL, LDL of 170 mg/dL, HDL of 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 200 mg/dL. Using the Friedewald equation, what is the calculated LDL-C value for this patient?

Accepted Answer

$$LDL	ext{-}C = 260 - 35 - \frac{200}{5} = 185\ mg/dL$$

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common genetic cause of primary hyperlipidemia?

Accepted Answer

Familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2a)

Question 3

Why is it preferred to obtain fasting lipid concentrations when measuring a patient's lipid profile?

Accepted Answer

Fasting ensures chylomicrons and IDL are cleared from the blood, allowing accurate measurement of LDL and triglycerides.

Question 4

A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms during ambulation?

Accepted Answer

Intermittent claudication (pain or discomfort in the calf muscle)

Question 5

Which laboratory value is considered negative for venous thromboembolism (VTE) when using D-dimer testing?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003c 500\ ng/mL$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Question 7

A 60-year-old patient presents with a pulsating abdominal mass and mild abdominal pain. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 8

Which medication class works by blocking cholesterol synthesis in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Statins

Question 9

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency is most likely to present with which of the following findings?

Accepted Answer

Brown pigmentation of the lower leg due to hemosiderin deposition

Question 10

Which of the following is a key pathophysiologic mechanism in the development of chronic venous disease?

Accepted Answer

Venous wall remodeling and increased venous pressure

Question 11

A patient with a history of prolonged immobility after surgery is at increased risk for which venous disorder?

Accepted Answer

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 12

Which of the following is the most significant risk associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Which formula is used to estimate VLDL cholesterol from triglyceride levels?

Accepted Answer

$$VLDL = \frac{TG}{5}$$

Question 14

A patient with familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2a) is most likely to have which underlying defect?

Accepted Answer

LDL receptor dysfunction

Question 15

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of hypertriglyceridemia?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatitis

Question 16

A patient presents with sudden onset of intense anterior chest pain and is found to have a tear in the vascular wall of the ascending aorta. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Aortic dissection

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended lifestyle modification for the treatment of hyperlipidemia?

Accepted Answer

Limiting saturated fats in the diet

Question 18

Which of the following is a clinical sign of advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerations, necrosis, or gangrene of the lower extremities

Question 19

Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of varicose veins?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged standing

Question 20

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency develops a venous ulcer. What is the most likely underlying cause of the brown pigmentation seen around the ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Hemosiderin deposition from RBC breakdown

Disorders of Blood Flow: Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, Arterial and Venous Disorders

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