Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrating and processing information, coordinating sensory input and motor output, and performing higher functions such as learning and memory.

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing, secreting, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell and 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell using ATP.

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell type is most abundant in the CNS and is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 6

A neuron is unable to transmit information efficiently due to loss of myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a neuron is more negative than the outside at rest?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moves more positive ions out than in, and K$$^+$$ leak channels allow K$$^+ to $$exit the cell.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ K^+_{(out)} + 3\ Na^+_{(in)} + ATP \rightarrow 2\ K^+_{(in)} + 3\ Na^+_{(out)} + ADP + P_i$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses

Question 10

A patient presents with an infection in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell type will increase in activity to remove pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the direction of information flow in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

From dendrite to cell body to axon to axon terminal

Question 12

Which of the following is the average resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 13

Which cell type in the peripheral nervous system is functionally similar to oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They form connections with other neurons and are the most common type of neuron.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of K$$^+$$ and Na$$^+$$ leak channels in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

They allow K$$^+ to $$slowly leak out of the cell and Na$$^+ to $$slowly leak back in, helping maintain the potential difference at $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the environment around neurons

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of how the sodium ion gradient is used by cells?

Accepted Answer

Bringing glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Producing myelin sheaths

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Divisions and Cells of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Membrane Potential

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