$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrating and processing information, coordinating sensory input and motor output, and performing higher functions such as learning and memory.

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing, secreting, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ and is maintained by both the sodium-potassium pump and leak channels.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acting as phagocytes to remove cellular debris, waste, and pathogens.

Question 7

A neuron receives information from other neurons primarily through which structure?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming scar tissue after injury and maintaining the blood-brain barrier.

Question 9

Which type of neuron is most common in the human brain and is primarily responsible for forming connections between other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why neurons cannot be replaced if they die due to injury or disease?

Accepted Answer

Neurons lack centrioles and therefore cannot divide.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division carries sensory information to the CNS; motor (efferent) division carries commands from the CNS to muscles or glands.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about myelin and its function?

Accepted Answer

Myelin increases the speed of information travel along axons.

Question 13

A drug blocks the K+ leak channels in a neuron. What is the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential would become less negative (depolarize).

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the direction of information flow in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

From dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal.

Question 15

Which neuroglial cell type is found in the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for insulating axons with myelin?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium ion gradient in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

It is used to bring glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood glucose levels directly through insulin secretion.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about neuroglia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia support the structure of neurons and are essential for their survival and function.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a neuron is more negative than the outside at rest?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moves more positive ions out than in, and K+ leak channels allow K+ to exit the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and sense organs.

Divisions and Cells of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Membrane Potential

Study Guide - Practice Questions