Q: Which equation correctly represents complementary base pairing between DNA and RNA during transcription?

$\text{DNA: A} \rightarrow \text{RNA: U}$

Question 1

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 2

Which statement best describes semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand.

Question 3

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding DNA polymerase, causing it to lose its ability to synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Both leading and lagging strand synthesis will be halted, preventing DNA replication.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously because DNA polymerase only works in one direction.

Question 5

During transcription, which sequence on DNA signals the start site for RNA polymerase binding?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 6

Which of the following codons is a stop codon in mRNA translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 7

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-ATGCGT-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCGU-3'

Question 8

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 9

What is the role of the anticodon on tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA to ensure correct amino acid placement.

Question 10

Which process involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA before translation?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 11

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the signal recognition particle (SRP). Which cellular process is most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Targeting of ribosome-protein complexes to the rough ER

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 13

During translation, what is the function of the ribosomal A site?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where incoming aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the mRNA codon.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

Question 15

A scientist isolates a mature mRNA molecule and finds that it contains only exons. What does this indicate about the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It is ready for translation and contains coding sequences only.

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents complementary base pairing between DNA and RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA: A} ightarrow 	ext{RNA: U}$

Question 17

If a ribosome encounters the mRNA sequence 5'-UAG-3', what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate and the polypeptide will be released.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Polyribosome formation allows for efficient production of multiple copies of the same protein.

Question 19

Which step in protein synthesis involves the conversion of mRNA codons into an amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a defect in spliceosome function. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins will be synthesized with incorrect amino acid sequences due to retained introns.

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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