Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which amino acid-based hormones exert their effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate a second messenger system.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination, thirst, and hunger. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis for these symptoms in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood glucose causes osmotic diuresis, leading to dehydration and compensatory hunger.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver during periods of stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It delivers hypothalamic hormones directly to the anterior pituitary, allowing precise regulation.

Question 5

A cell increases the number of hormone receptors on its surface in response to low hormone levels. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Up-regulation

Question 6

Which of the following is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 7

A patient has a tumor destroying the Leydig cells of the testes. Which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased testosterone production and impaired development of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

Which sequence correctly traces the path of an ovulated egg from the ovary to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Ovary → fimbriae → infundibulum → ampulla → isthmus → uterus

Question 9

Which of the following glands contributes the largest volume to semen?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicles

Question 10

During the menstrual cycle, a sudden surge in which hormone triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the corpus luteum degenerates if fertilization does not occur?

Accepted Answer

Falling levels of LH and FSH lead to decreased progesterone and estrogen, causing degeneration.

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes the physiological process that leads to penile erection?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nerves release nitric oxide, causing smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow into erectile tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the vagina?

Accepted Answer

Produces estrogen for the menstrual cycle

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of FSH in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Promotes spermatogenesis by acting on Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules

Question 15

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of the hypophyseal portal system. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary would not receive releasing hormones from the hypothalamus efficiently.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, reducing the need for new glucose synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches the muscle with its function in temperature regulation of the testes?

Accepted Answer

Dartos muscle: wrinkles scrotal skin; Cremaster muscle: moves testes up and down

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the histological difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary is composed of epithelial cells and produces hormones; the posterior pituitary is composed of axons and stores hormones made in the hypothalamus.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the sequence of ducts that sperm travels through from the testes to the external environment?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Endocrine and Reproductive Systems: Study Guide (Chapters 16 & 27)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards