Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to internal receptors in the nucleus, stimulating transcription directly.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of high blood glucose, muscle wasting, and fat redistribution. Which hormone imbalance is most likely responsible, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Excess cortisol; increased gluconeogenesis and protein breakdown.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of stroke volume (SV) in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SV = EDV - ESV

Question 4

A patient with persistently low hormone levels is found to have increased numbers of membrane receptors for that hormone. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Up-regulation

Question 5

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts as a calcitonin antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

During the cardiac cycle, which event immediately follows the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram?

Accepted Answer

Closure of AV valves (lub sound)

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct formula for cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in erythropoietin (EPO) is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Renal anemia

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys and regulation of blood osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure.

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of synergism in hormone action?

Accepted Answer

One hormone's effects are multiplied by the presence of another hormone.

Question 14

A patient with a blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL is considered to have:

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle depends on extracellular Ca2+ for contraction.

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the heart and acts as a potent vasodilator to reduce blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It enzymatically breaks down fibrin to dissolve clots.

Question 20

If a patient’s stroke volume decreases, which physiological response will help maintain cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increase heart rate

Endocrine, Blood, and Cardiovascular Systems: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards