Question 1

Which hormone is released from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst (polydipsia) and high blood glucose. Which type of diabetes is most likely if the patient also has autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for non-steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They activate second messenger systems after binding to cell surface receptors.

Question 4

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which vitamin, and what is the primary consequence for erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12; reduced RBC production

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for uterine contraction during labor and is stored in the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 7

A patient with low blood pressure and high sodium excretion likely has increased levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the effect of hypocalcemia on blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It prevents clotting because calcium is required for clotting factor activation.

Question 10

Which structure in the heart is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that sets the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the cardiac cycle stage when the ventricles contract and all valves are closed?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 12

According to Poiseuille's Law, which factor has the greatest effect on blood flow through a vessel?

Accepted Answer

Vessel radius

Question 13

A patient with ADH deficiency is most likely to present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 14

Which hormone is most active in increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby raising blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells?

Accepted Answer

Lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility

Question 19

Which fetal shunt allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the right atrium to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{MAP} = \mathrm{diastolic} + (\mathrm{pulse\ pressure})$$

Endocrine, Blood, Heart, and Blood Vessels: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards