Question 1

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including weight loss, heat intolerance, and increased heart rate. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of albumins in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain osmotic pressure and are an important factor in the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.

Question 3

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 5

During the cardiac cycle, which event occurs immediately after the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output ($CO$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 7

A patient is found to have a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which of the following symptoms would most likely be present?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output and dehydration

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes (red blood cells) lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To maximize their ability to carry oxygen without using it for their own metabolism

Question 10

A patient with Graves’ disease is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

High levels of thyroxine (T4)

Question 11

Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is a major contributor to blood viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma proteins

Question 14

A patient is experiencing muscle spasms and tetany due to low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

It delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium (heart muscle).

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hormone insulin?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the skeletal muscle pump in venous return?

Accepted Answer

It assists in moving blood back to the heart by compressing veins during muscle contraction.

Question 19

A patient with diabetes insipidus is unable to concentrate urine. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the hormone calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Endocrine, Cardiovascular, and Blood Vessel Systems: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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