Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and bone growth?

$$GH \rightarrow \text{liver} \rightarrow IGF-1 \rightarrow \text{bone growth}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the condition shown in the image, characterized by lengthening of the jaw, coarsening of facial features, and growth in hands and feet in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 2

A patient presents with enlarged hands, feet, and jaw, but normal height. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this individual?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

Acromegaly results from excess secretion of growth hormone after the closure of which anatomical structure?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plates

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between gigantism and acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly occurs after epiphyseal plate closure, gigantism before

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why individuals with acromegaly do not grow taller?

Accepted Answer

Their epiphyseal plates have already closed

Question 6

A 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with acromegaly. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Elevated plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 7

Which of the following is a likely consequence of untreated acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of soft tissues and organs, leading to complications such as cardiomegaly

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which growth hormone (GH) causes the features seen in acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

GH stimulates protein synthesis and cartilage growth in soft tissues and bones

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and bone growth?

Accepted Answer

$$GH ightarrow 	ext{liver} ightarrow IGF-1 ightarrow 	ext{bone growth}$$

Question 10

A patient with acromegaly is most likely to have which of the following additional symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged tongue and thickened skin

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