Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and bone growth?

$$GH + IGFs \rightarrow \text{Increased bone growth}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the physiological effects of excess growth hormone secretion in adults, as illustrated by the individual at the top of the image?

Accepted Answer

Lengthening of the jaw, coarsening of facial features, and growth in hands and feet

Question 2

The image shows a comparison of individuals with different body sizes. Which hormone, if oversecreted in adulthood, leads to the condition characterized by enlarged hands, feet, and facial features?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 3

Based on the image and the description, which of the following terms best describes the condition of the individual with enlarged facial features and hands?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between acromegaly and gigantism, as can be inferred from the image and the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly occurs after epiphyseal plate closure, while gigantism occurs before

Question 5

If the individual at the top of the image developed his features due to a pituitary tumor, which hormone would most likely be elevated in his blood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why adults with acromegaly do not grow taller, despite excess growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Their epiphyseal plates have already closed

Question 7

Which of the following is a likely metabolic effect in a patient with acromegaly, as seen in the image?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose due to gluconeogenesis and decreased glucose uptake by muscles

Question 8

Suppose the individual at the top of the image also experiences joint pain and thickened skin. Which hormone is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 9

If a child developed a similar hormonal imbalance as the individual at the top of the image, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Development of gigantism

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and bone growth?

Accepted Answer

$$GH + IGFs ightarrow 	ext{Increased bone growth}$$

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism: Study Notes

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