Q: Which of the following correctly describes the control pathway for cortisol secretion?

$$\text{CRH} \rightarrow \text{ACTH} \rightarrow \text{Cortisol}$$

Q: Which of the following equations best represents the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

$$\text{MIT} + \text{DIT} \rightarrow \text{T}_3$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the mediation of long-term stress and has a protective effect against hypoglycemia through its permissive effect?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, increased metabolic heat production, and exophthalmos. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the control pathway for cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CRH} ightarrow 	ext{ACTH} ightarrow 	ext{Cortisol}$$

Question 4

Which metabolic effect is NOT associated with cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates protein synthesis

Question 5

A patient with an adrenal tumor that autonomously secretes cortisol is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypercortisolism

Question 6

Which hormone is essential for normal growth and development in children and infants, but not for survival?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Enhances renal reabsorption of calcium

Question 8

A child with severe growth hormone deficiency is most likely to present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to increased plasma calcium and acts to decrease bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of hypothyroidism in adults?

Accepted Answer

Slowed reflexes and thought processes

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MIT} + 	ext{DIT} ightarrow 	ext{T}_3$$

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and increases bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 13

A patient with bradycardia, myxedema, and slowed speech is most likely suffering from which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 14

Which of the following is the most common form of calcium phosphate found in bone?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 15

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and is involved in sodium-potassium balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 16

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for the inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) by growth hormone and IGFs?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 17

Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Postmenopausal age

Question 18

Which hormone is synthesized in the parathyroid glands and increases plasma calcium by mobilizing calcium from bone, enhancing renal reabsorption, and indirectly increasing intestinal absorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of thyroid hormones in children?

Accepted Answer

They are necessary for full expression of growth hormone.

Question 20

A patient is given exogenous cortisol for an extended period. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy of adrenal cells due to suppressed ACTH production

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism: Chapter 23 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards