Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing plasma glucose levels during the fasted state, and what is its main mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 2

During the fed-state, which metabolic pathway is most active in the liver, and which hormone stimulates this process?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis; stimulated by insulin

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the concept of hormone synergism as shown in Fig. 7.12?

Accepted Answer

Multiple hormones interact to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects

Question 4

A patient presents with hypocalcemia. Which hormone would be expected to increase in secretion to restore calcium balance, and what is its primary target organ?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); kidney

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$Metabolism = Catabolism + Anabolism$$

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 7

In the control of thyroid hormone secretion, which hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin on muscle cells at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Increases GLUT4 transporter insertion into the cell membrane

Question 9

A person has not eaten for 12 hours. Which metabolic process is most active in their liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 10

Which hormone requires iodine for its synthesis and is involved in regulating metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the feedback regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback by plasma $$Ca^{2+}$$ concentration

Question 12

During stress, which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex and what is its effect on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; promotes gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of extracellular calcium ($$Ca^{2+}) in $$the body?

Accepted Answer

Cofactor in blood coagulation cascade

Question 14

Which hormone acts on the kidney to increase reabsorption of calcium and is synthesized from vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in growth hormone (GH) would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired growth and reduced protein synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the control of cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

Releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary

Question 17

Which process is stimulated by insulin in adipose tissue during the fed-state?

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 18

Which hormone is released in response to low plasma glucose and acts primarily on the liver to increase blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Increases thyroglobulin production

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas and what is its effect on plasma glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; increases plasma glucose

Endocrine Regulation of Metabolism, Growth, and Calcium Homeostasis

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