Question 1

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can cross the plasma membrane, while most amino acid-based hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to pass through the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing excessive urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger. Laboratory tests reveal that insulin is present but not functioning properly. Which type of diabetes does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water retention and vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

A patient has a tumor that causes excessive secretion of ACTH. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased cortisol secretion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to plasma membrane receptors and usually act through second-messenger systems.

Question 6

A patient is found to have low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its primary target?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); targets bone, kidneys, and intestine to increase blood calcium

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a hormone interaction known as 'permissiveness'?

Accepted Answer

One hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

ANP decreases blood pressure by inhibiting sodium reabsorption and increasing sodium excretion.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hormone half-life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life because they are bound to plasma proteins.

Question 10

A patient is experiencing symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, including muscle weakness and high blood glucose. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of melatonin to control sleep and mood

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into tissue fluid and blood; exocrine glands secrete non-hormonal substances onto a membrane surface.

Question 13

A patient with Addison's disease has low levels of glucocorticoids. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Low blood glucose and hypotension

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 15

A patient is exposed to a stressful situation. Which of the following best describes the sequence of hormonal responses?

Accepted Answer

Short-term stress triggers the adrenal medulla (catecholamines), followed by long-term stress triggering the adrenal cortex (cortisol).

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about hormone receptor regulation?

Accepted Answer

Up-regulation increases the number of receptors in response to low hormone levels.

Question 17

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes a decrease in the affinity of hormone receptors for their hormone. Which of the following is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hormone action at the target cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?

Accepted Answer

Increase basal metabolic rate, regulate tissue growth and development, and maintain blood pressure

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 20

A patient is found to have excessive masculinization (development of male secondary sex characteristics) due to a hormone imbalance. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Gonadocorticoids (androgens)

Endocrine System: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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