Question 1

Which of the following is classified as a primary endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 2

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of excessive thirst and urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which gland is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is hydrophobic and requires a transport protein to travel in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 5

Which cell type in the pancreas secretes insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 6

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for the regulation of blood glucose after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 7

Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 8

A patient with Graves' disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and heat intolerance

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a tropic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 12

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop for blood glucose regulation after eating?

Accepted Answer

$$Insulin~release \rightarrow Glucose~uptake \rightarrow Decrease~in~blood~glucose$$

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 14

Which of the following disorders is caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following best describes up-regulation of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increase in the number of receptors in response to low hormone levels

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 18

Which of the following is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Endocrine System: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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