Q: Which equation correctly represents the conversion of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin during fibrinolysis?

$$\text{Plasminogen} \xrightarrow{\text{tPA}} \text{Plasmin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses electrical impulses and neurotransmitters for rapid, short-term responses, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, long-term regulation.

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to lipid-soluble hormones compared to water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and often alter gene expression.

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is most likely elevated, and what is the primary stimulus for its release?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4); released in response to TSH from the anterior pituitary.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates negative feedback regulation in hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing further insulin secretion.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin during fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Plasminogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{tPA}} 	ext{Plasmin}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids.

Question 7

A patient with cold intolerance is suspected of having hypothyroidism. Which test would be most appropriate to confirm this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Measure blood levels of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of up-regulation in hormone sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Target cells increase the number of receptors in response to low hormone levels.

Question 9

Which hormone is released from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 10

Which of the following blood types can Mark (who is AB-) safely receive after a shark bite, and why?

Accepted Answer

AB-; because it matches both A and B antigens and lacks Rh antigen.

Question 11

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 12

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway for erythrocyte formation?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell $$\rightarrow$$ myeloid stem cell $$\rightarrow$$ erythrocyte

Question 13

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases calcium release from bones.

Question 14

Which equation represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{Thrombin}} 	ext{Fibrin}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiate the formation of a platelet plug at sites of vascular injury.

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine signals act on the same cell that secretes them, paracrine signals act on nearby cells, endocrine signals act on distant cells via the bloodstream.

Question 18

Which of the following is a granulocyte, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil; phagocytosis of bacteria.

Question 19

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection.

Endocrine System and Blood: Study Guide for ANP College Students

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