Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which steroid hormones typically exert their effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

They enter the cell and bind to intracellular receptors, influencing gene transcription.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of Addison’s disease. Which of the following best describes the hormonal imbalance and its effects?

Accepted Answer

Deficient cortisol and aldosterone production causing hypoglycemia, hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing insulin secretion.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why peptide hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane of target cells?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and hydrophilic, so they require membrane receptors.

Question 6

A patient with Cushing’s disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms due to excess cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Muscle wasting, hyperglycemia, and central obesity

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the metabolic effect of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They increase the basal metabolic rate and stimulate protein synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the body?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity.

Question 10

A patient with hyperthyroidism is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia, weight loss, and heat intolerance

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

Accepted Answer

CRH → ACTH → Cortisol

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the effects of steroid hormones are typically slower but longer-lasting than those of peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones alter gene expression, leading to changes in protein synthesis.

Question 15

A patient with low blood calcium is given a hormone injection. Which hormone would most effectively raise blood calcium levels, and by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary effect of growth hormone (GH) during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Promotes protein synthesis and bone growth

Question 17

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of cortisol on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol has a catabolic effect, increasing gluconeogenesis and protein breakdown.

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of thyroid hormones compared to other amino acid-derived hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and can cross the plasma membrane to bind intracellular receptors.

Question 20

A patient with a pituitary tumor is found to have elevated prolactin levels. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Galactorrhea (inappropriate milk production)

Endocrine System and Hormonal Regulation: Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards