$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which steroid hormones exert their action on target cells?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, altering gene expression.

Question 2

A patient presents with a high count of neutrophils in their blood test. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

They are fighting a bacterial infection.

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 4

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:

Accepted Answer

The number of appropriate receptors on the target cells.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit after centrifuging whole blood?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because:

Accepted Answer

The recipient's antibodies will attack the donor's red blood cells, causing agglutination.

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 8

Which gland is stimulated by ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 9

Which of the following is the single most important regulator of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of cells suspended in a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma).

Question 12

A patient with hemorrhagic anemia is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A large loss of blood due to trauma or injury.

Question 13

Which vessel receives blood from the right ventricle of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary trunk

Question 14

Which of the following is a major target of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Liver and skeletal muscle

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the osmotic pressure produced by plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = \frac{RT}{V} \sum_{i} c_i$$

Question 16

Which of the following is produced by the atria of the heart and helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary source of red blood cells (RBCs) in adult humans?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 18

Which hormone is required for thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the action of colony-stimulating factors?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of white blood cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage.

Endocrine System, Blood, and Cardiovascular Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions