Question 1

A patient is experiencing excessive urination and dehydration due to a deficiency of a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH); increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 2

Which of the following correctly matches a hormone with its gland of origin and its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin – Pancreas – Liver and muscle cells

Question 3

A blood sample reveals a high concentration of neutrophils. Which of the following best describes the likely physiological state of the patient?

Accepted Answer

The patient is likely experiencing a bacterial infection.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the relationship between antigens and antibodies in the context of blood typing?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are proteins on the surface of red blood cells; antibodies are proteins in plasma that bind to specific antigens.

Question 5

A person with blood type AB- can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 6

Which of the following correctly lists the layers of a typical blood vessel from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with Addison's disease, which involves insufficient production of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Which hormone is most likely deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system in relation to blood circulation?

Accepted Answer

It returns interstitial fluid from peripheral tissues to the venous blood flow.

Question 9

A patient has a tumor in the anterior pituitary that causes overproduction of growth hormone (GH). Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed in an adult patient?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly (enlargement of extremities and facial bones)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of lymph from peripheral tissues back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → lymphatic trunks → subclavian veins

Question 11

A patient is found to have high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Which of the following laboratory findings would most likely be present?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood calcium levels

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of glucose metabolism and suppression of the immune response

Question 13

A patient with a deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired gamete (egg or sperm) production

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old or damaged red blood cells

Question 15

A person with type A blood has which of the following antigens and antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A antigens on red blood cells; anti-B antibodies in plasma

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the thymus in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site for T cell maturation.

Question 17

A patient is given a drug that blocks the action of aldosterone. Which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium excretion in urine

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct match between a histological structure and its location?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa – Adrenal cortex

Question 19

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal medulla is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone, and what is a likely symptom?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increased heart rate

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?

Accepted Answer

It provides immune defense at mucosal surfaces such as the gut and respiratory tract.

Endocrine System, Blood, and Circulatory Pathways: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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