Question 1

Which of the following glands is classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination, dehydration, and very dilute urine. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in a hormone that acts on the kidneys to conserve water. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Which of the following hormones would utilize a second messenger system to exert its effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

A patient with Grave's disease is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to excessive thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Heat intolerance and increased sweating

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits osteoclast activity to decrease blood calcium

Question 6

A patient with low blood calcium is found to have increased secretion of a hormone that acts on bone, kidney, and indirectly on the GI tract. Which hormone is responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct effect of human growth hormone (GH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates fat breakdown in adipose tissue

Question 8

A patient with Cushing's disease is likely to exhibit which of the following clinical features?

Accepted Answer

Moon face and muscle weakness

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a lack of iodine in the diet can lead to a goiter?

Accepted Answer

Low iodine decreases T3/T4, increasing TSH, causing thyroid enlargement

Question 10

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla in response to acute stress and is responsible for increasing heart rate and blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of inflammation and pain

Question 12

A patient with Addison's disease is most likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and electrolyte imbalances

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the testes to produce testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Promotes glucose uptake and glycogenesis, lowering blood glucose

Question 15

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is most likely to have which of the following pathophysiological features?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells and insulin deficiency

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the unique blood supply between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A portal system connecting two capillary beds

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increase calcium reabsorption and decrease phosphate reabsorption

Question 19

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why thyroid hormone requires a transport protein in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It is fat-soluble and not readily dissolved in plasma

Endocrine System: Glands, Hormones, and Regulation – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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