Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances onto a surface or into a cavity.

Question 2

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 3

Steroid hormones differ from amino acid-based hormones in their ability to cross the plasma membrane. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones can cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A patient is experiencing high blood pressure and increased blood glucose levels due to prolonged stress. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT increase the degree of activation of a target cell when a hormone binds to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Distance between the hormone and the receptor

Question 7

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 8

A person with low levels of growth hormone (GH) during childhood may experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the pineal gland and helps regulate sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting uptake and storage

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 12

Which of the following glands is most active during childhood and shrinks after puberty, becoming mostly fatty tissue in adults?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and helps the body cope with long-term stress by increasing blood pressure and glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the ovaries and is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the testes and promotes male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidney tubules?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 18

Which hormone is released by the thymus and stimulates the development and maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 20

Which hormone is released by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Chapter 16 The Endocrine System Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions