Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and nervous system signaling?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine signals travel through the bloodstream and can have longer-lasting effects than nervous signals.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and urination. Laboratory tests reveal high blood glucose levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels and acts to lower calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 4

Cells with high affinity receptors for a hormone will respond to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Lower levels of hormone

Question 5

Which of the following organs is the primary site for insulin-dependent GLUT4 expression?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cells

Question 6

A tumor in the anterior pituitary affecting somatotropic cells would most likely result in which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 7

Which of the following is a mechanism by which target cells only respond to very high levels of hormone?

Accepted Answer

High affinity receptor binding

Question 8

Which hormone pair is necessary for successful breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin and oxytocin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Question 10

Where does gluconeogenesis primarily occur in the body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct effect of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption

Question 12

A patient with Graves' disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excessive energy

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a paracrine signal?

Accepted Answer

A chemical signal that acts on neighboring cells

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

If a patient has high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), what effect would you expect on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

They will increase

Question 16

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 17

Which equation best represents the negative feedback regulation of hormone release?

Accepted Answer

$$H_{stimulus} \rightarrow H_{gland} \rightarrow H_{target} \rightarrow -H_{stimulus}$$

Question 18

Which of the following cell types are the signaling cells for growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Somatotropic cells

Question 19

A patient is found to have a tumor that is inhibiting the release of TRH (thyroid releasing hormone). Which gland is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of adiponectin in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits glucose release from the liver into the blood.

Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Regulation (Chapter 16 Study Guide)

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