Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of response duration and signaling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system initiates rapid, short-duration responses via neurotransmitters, while the endocrine system initiates slow, long-duration responses via hormones released into the blood.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of excessive urination and high blood glucose. Laboratory tests reveal little to no insulin production. Which type of diabetes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Mellitus Type I

Question 3

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Which hormone is released from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of Na$$^+ in $$the kidneys

Question 5

Which of the following correctly describes the order of events in the cAMP cell signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds receptor — receptor activates G protein — G protein activates adenylate cyclase — adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP — cAMP activates protein kinases.

Question 6

A patient has elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) but low levels of T$$_3$$ and T$$_4. $$What is the most likely immediate effect on TSH levels?

Accepted Answer

TSH levels go up

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Sweating

Question 8

Which of the following describes an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Has ducts

Question 9

Which of the following is composed of neural tissue made of axons?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary lobe

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases osteoclast activity in bones

Question 11

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids or fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Which of the following is a hydrophobic hormone that requires transport by plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Question 13

A cell exposed to elevated hormone levels for a prolonged period may decrease the number of available receptors. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Down-regulation

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone decreases the number of estrogen receptors in the uterus

Question 15

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogenesis and protein synthesis

Question 17

Which hormone is released in response to cervical/uterine stretching and stimulates milk release from mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of negative feedback on hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

It counteracts a change in a homeostatically controlled variable.

Question 19

Which hormone is permissive for the full effect of epinephrine on fatty acid release?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Comparison with Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards