Question 1

Which characteristic distinguishes the endocrine system from the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities on a sustained, long-term basis.

Question 2

Regulation of hormone levels in the body most commonly involves which type of control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which statement accurately describes peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are chains of amino acids such as glycoproteins, small proteins, or polypeptides.

Question 4

A patient presents with hypocalcemia. Which hormone would be released to restore calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 5

Which hormone activates adenylate cyclase and produces a change in cellular activity via cAMP?

Accepted Answer

TSH

Question 6

What is the primary function of the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It ensures all hypothalamic hormones reach target cells in the adenohypophysis before being diluted in general circulation.

Question 7

What is the role of FSH in males?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates nurse cells, which then promote the maturation of sperm.

Question 8

Alcohol consumption affects ADH release from the neurohypophysis in which way?

Accepted Answer

ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol.

Question 9

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults results in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 10

Why do high levels of cortisol decrease pituitary secretion of ACTH?

Accepted Answer

ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol.

Question 11

Which pancreatic cell type is correctly paired with the hormone it produces?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells/insulin

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Both A and B are functions of insulin.

Question 13

Which of the following is an effect of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue

Question 14

Cells in the brain, kidneys, and digestive tract are insulin independent. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

They absorb glucose without insulin stimulation.

Question 15

Why do diabetics suffer from vascular damage?

Accepted Answer

Both A and B

Question 16

Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the production of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 17

How can erythropoietin abuse cause death in athletes?

Accepted Answer

By increasing blood viscosity to high levels, increasing resistance and inducing heart failure

Question 18

When epinephrine binds a receptor, the result can be production or breakdown of cAMP depending on what?

Accepted Answer

Receptor

Question 19

What is the effect of renin secretion by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT occur during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Increased mental alertness and increased blood pressure

Endocrine System Study Guide – Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions