$$Rate = k \times [Iodine] \times [Tyrosine]$$

Question 1

Which nucleus in the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for producing antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Supraoptic nucleus

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and dilute urine. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Which anterior pituitary hormone is classified as a glycoprotein and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 4

Which anterior pituitary hormones are pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

For the hormones of the anterior and posterior pituitary, which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of hormone and its target tissue?

Accepted Answer

TSH – Adrenal cortex

Question 6

Which amino acid is used as the precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine

Question 7

A patient has a mutation that impairs iodine uptake in the thyroid gland. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of T3 and T4

Question 8

If a patient has elevated TSH but low T3 and T4, which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypothyroidism

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the rate of thyroid hormone synthesis, given the concentration of iodine and tyrosine?

Accepted Answer

$$Rate = k 	imes [Iodine] 	imes [Tyrosine]$$

Question 10

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing blood calcium levels

Question 12

Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Question 13

A tumor in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would most likely result in excess production of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 15

Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver during hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$Glycogen \xrightarrow{Glucagon} Glucose$$

Question 18

A patient with Addison's disease has low cortisol and aldosterone levels. Which layer of the adrenal gland is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose and promotes glycogen synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of cortisol during stress?

Accepted Answer

Increased gluconeogenesis

Endocrine System Study Guide – Key Concepts and Hormones

Study Guide - Practice Questions