Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics as it applies to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cellular order requires continual input of energy because spontaneous processes increase entropy.

Question 2

A muscle cell is actively contracting and requires ATP for movement. Which category of work is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, such as in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is energy of motion, such as molecules moving across a membrane.

Question 4

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following is true regarding energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents an exergonic reaction involving ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 6

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a coupled reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i$$ and $$ADP + P_i \rightarrow ATP$$ occurring in the same region of the cell

Question 8

Which of the following molecules acts as an electron acceptor during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 9

During glycolysis, what is the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids for energy?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a way that cells regulate metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Increasing entropy without energy input

Question 12

Which type of enzymatic reaction involves the transfer of electrons between molecules?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 13

In the electron transport chain, what is the primary role of NADH and FADH$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the chain, helping generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of muscle protein from amino acids

Question 15

What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen during glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into lactate.

Question 16

Which of the following reactions is an example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids by removing water

Question 17

Which equation represents the net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 30-32 ATP$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of molecules into smaller units, releasing energy

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which is released when broken.

Question 20

A cell has high levels of ATP. What effect will this have on its metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

It will inhibit metabolic reactions that produce more ATP.

Energy and Cellular Metabolism: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions