Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy, as illustrated by the archer drawing and releasing a bow?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy due to position, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the primary energy currency for the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB} $$

Question 4

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur more easily.

Question 5

Which statement about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme binds to highly specific molecules called substrates.

Question 6

A student is investigating the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which of the following best explains why enzyme activity decreases at very high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme becomes denatured and loses its functional shape.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding reversible and irreversible chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Reversible reactions release a small amount of energy and can reach equilibrium.

Question 8

Which process describes the breakdown of organic molecules to release energy for ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Question 9

In a redox reaction, what happens to the molecule that is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

It loses electrons and decreases in energy.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the electron transport chain, becoming oxidized.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The color of the reactants

Question 12

Which statement about competitive inhibition of enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents a double replacement reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{AB} + \mathrm{CD} \rightarrow \mathrm{AD} + \mathrm{CB} $$

Question 14

Which statement best explains why most reactions in the body are reversible?

Accepted Answer

Because the products can easily be converted back to reactants at equilibrium.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.

Question 16

Which molecule is reduced when it gains electrons during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 17

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of coenzymes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability of enzymes to catalyze reactions efficiently.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity, as shown in the graph?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases with substrate concentration until it reaches a maximum rate (saturation).

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence for energy transfer during ATP synthesis from food molecules?

Accepted Answer

Energy from food is stored in ATP, then released when ATP is broken down.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes make reactions happen that could not occur on their own.

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Enzymes in Human Physiology

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