Question 1

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that requires energy input and has products with more energy than reactants.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is an example of which type of chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 4

Which factor would most likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 5

Enzymes are described as biological catalysts because they:

Accepted Answer

Lower the activation energy required for reactions

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have unique active sites that bind specific substrates.

Question 7

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease is unable to break down certain lipids in neurons due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase

Question 8

Which property of water allows it to act as a cushion and protect body structures?

Accepted Answer

Its incompressibility and ability to absorb force

Question 9

Why is water considered an excellent solvent for hydrophilic substances?

Accepted Answer

Because it can form hydration spheres around ions and polar molecules

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an acid in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates protons and increases $$[H^+] in $$solution

Question 11

What is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 12

If the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution increases, what happens to the pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of a buffer in blood?

Accepted Answer

Prevent rapid shifts in pH by releasing or binding $$H^+$$ ions

Question 14

Which chemical equation represents the action of carbonic acid as a buffer when blood pH falls?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2CO_3 \rightarrow $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+$$

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely denature an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature beyond optimal range

Question 16

A solution with a pH of 3 has how many times more $$[H^+]$$ than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

1000 times more

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding reversible chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They can proceed in both directions depending on reactant and product concentrations.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely slow down an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing product concentration (negative feedback)

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of bases in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

They accept protons and release $$OH^-$$ ions

Enzymes, Water, Acids & Bases: Chemical Principles in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions