Question 1

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that requires energy input and results in products with more energy than the reactants.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is an example of which type of reaction, and what is its overall energy change?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic; energy is released and used to produce ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Raising the temperature above the enzyme's optimal range.

Question 4

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease is unable to break down certain lipids in the brain due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase

Question 5

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Water absorbs heat without a significant change in its own temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in their action?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have unique active site regions that bind only specific substrates.

Question 7

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$4$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and increase [H+] in solution.

Question 9

What is the main function of a buffer in blood?

Accepted Answer

To prevent rapid shifts in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.

Question 10

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 5, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 100.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the action of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a reversible chemical reaction important in physiology?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CO_2} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H_2CO_3}$

Question 13

A person with phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to convert phenylalanine to which amino acid, leading to toxic buildup?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have partially charged ends that can surround and separate ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

The pH scale is a negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates negative feedback in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of product slows down the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of bases in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

They increase the concentration of hydroxide ions ($\mathrm{OH^-}$) in solution.

Question 18

A buffer system in blood involves carbonic acid ($\mathrm{H_2CO_3}$) and bicarbonate ($\mathrm{HCO_3^-}$). What happens when blood pH rises (becomes more alkaline)?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{H_2CO_3}$ releases $\mathrm{H^+}$ to lower the pH.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range where it functions most efficiently.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{NaCl}$

Enzymes, Water, Acids & Bases: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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