Q: Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop regulating erythropoiesis?

$\text{Low } O_2 \rightarrow \text{Kidney releases EPO} \rightarrow \text{Increased RBC production} \rightarrow \text{Restored } O_2$

Question 1

Which protein is responsible for transporting iron in plasma during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Transferrin

Question 2

A patient presents with jaundice and dark brown feces. Which breakdown product of hemoglobin is most likely responsible for the color of their feces?

Accepted Answer

Stercobilin

Question 3

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to poor cell division by RBC precursors, resulting in anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_9 (folic acid)

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of cell development during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Hemocytoblast → Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 5

A male athlete abuses artificial erythropoietin (EPO) to enhance performance. What is a dangerous consequence of this practice?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood clots and stroke

Question 6

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for regulating erythropoiesis in response to low blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 7

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has a mutation in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin. Which amino acid substitution is responsible for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid replaced by valine

Question 8

If a person moves to a high-altitude location, which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin production and RBC count

Question 9

Which form of anemia is characterized by small, pale RBCs due to impaired iron absorption?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 11

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop regulating erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Low } O_2 ightarrow 	ext{Kidney releases EPO} ightarrow 	ext{Increased RBC production} ightarrow 	ext{Restored } O_2$

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of excessive erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 13

A patient with thalassemia has thin, delicate RBCs deficient in hemoglobin. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Faulty or absent globin chain synthesis

Question 14

Which dietary requirement is essential for DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing erythrocyte precursors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_12 and folic acid

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why RBCs cannot repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

They lack nuclei and organelles for protein synthesis

Question 16

A patient with aplastic anemia is exposed to radiation. Which blood elements are most affected?

Accepted Answer

All formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of feedforward control in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Preparation for digestion upon smelling food

Question 18

If a person has one copy of the sickle-cell gene, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

They will have sickle-cell trait and increased resistance to malaria

Question 19

Which of the following equations best describes the relationship between blood viscosity ($\eta$) and erythrocyte count ($N_{RBC}$)?

Accepted Answer

$\eta \propto N_{RBC}$

Question 20

A patient with chronic hemorrhagic anemia is most likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and pallor due to persistent blood loss

Lecture #7

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