Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, while atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 2

According to the octet rule, how many electrons are present in a completely filled valence shell for most atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 4

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) contains which type of covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is able to dissolve many ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing its partial charges to surround and separate ions.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol molecules help maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 7

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via specific membrane proteins

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine ($$A) $$pairs with Thymine ($$T)$$

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 16

A mutation occurs during DNA replication. Which of the following best describes the possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may result in a change in the protein coded by the gene.

Question 17

Which of the following functional groups is found in ATP and is important for energy transfer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-H_2PO_4)$$

Question 18

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 19

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{–}ATCGGTA	ext{–}3'$$, what is the complementary RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{–}UAGCCAU	ext{–}3'$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Essential Concepts in Chemistry, Cell Biology, and Membrane Transport for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions