Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solvent molecules (usually water) from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is most likely to happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may lyse as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) in terms of ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

ECF has high $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and low $$\mathrm{K^+}$$; ICF has high $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ and low $$\mathrm{Na^+}.$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a structural isomer pair?

Accepted Answer

1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane

Question 5

Which type of polysaccharide is found in the cell walls of plants and cannot be hydrolyzed by humans due to the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic link?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more carcinogenic than cis fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats have hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the double bond, which alters their shape and increases health risks.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to take place.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about dehydration and overhydration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration results in water leaving cells, while overhydration results in water entering cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They must be acquired through the diet because the body cannot produce them.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, while secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide base and its complementary base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds; unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and have at least one double bond.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic link in cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following is the primary source of energy for humans?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation can be caused by changes in temperature, pH, or salt concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the molecule that animals use to store carbohydrates.

Essential Study Notes: Water, Organic Molecules, and Macromolecules in Anatomy & Physiology

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