Question 1

A patient presents with night blindness and frequent infections. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 2

A 45-year-old vegan develops anemia and nerve damage. Which nutrient is most likely deficient in their diet, and what is a common food source for this nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12; fortified cereals

Question 3

A child is diagnosed with rickets, a condition characterized by weak and deformed bones. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely the cause, and what is a primary non-food source?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; sunlight

Question 4

Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, and what is a classic symptom of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iron; anemia

Question 5

A patient complains of muscle cramps and an irregular heartbeat. Blood tests reveal low levels of a mineral involved in muscle and nerve function. Which mineral is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 6

A person with a diet low in leafy greens and broccoli is at increased risk for which deficiency, and what is a likely symptom?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K; excessive bleeding

Question 7

Which vitamin is crucial for collagen production and immunity, and what disease results from its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; scurvy

Question 8

A patient presents with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely, and what is a common food source?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B3 (Niacin); peanuts

Question 9

Which mineral is necessary for thyroid hormone production, and what is a classic sign of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iodine; goiter

Question 10

A patient with a history of poor wound healing and frequent infections is most likely deficient in which mineral, and what is a common food source?

Accepted Answer

Zinc; legumes

Question 11

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and protects cell membranes, and what is a rare symptom of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E; nerve and muscle damage

Question 12

A patient with a diet lacking in dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods is at risk for which mineral deficiency, and what is a possible long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Calcium; osteoporosis

Question 13

Which vitamin is essential for amino acid metabolism and brain development, and what is a symptom of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6; depression

Question 14

A patient with a diet high in processed foods but low in fresh fruits and vegetables is most likely to have an excess of which mineral, and what is a potential health risk?

Accepted Answer

Sodium; hypertension

Question 15

Which mineral is important for energy storage and bone health, and what is a symptom of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus; weak bones

Question 16

A patient presents with fatigue, nerve damage, and confusion. Which vitamin deficiency could cause these symptoms, and what is a classic disease associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine); beriberi

Question 17

A patient with a diet lacking in Brazil nuts, seafood, and eggs develops muscle weakness and immune issues. Which mineral is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Selenium

Question 18

Which vitamin is primarily obtained from animal products and is essential for red blood cell formation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 19

A patient with a diet low in nuts, seeds, and whole grains develops muscle cramps and an irregular heartbeat. Which mineral is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 20

A patient presents with cracked lips, sore throat, and skin disorders. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely, and what is a common food source?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin); milk

Essential Vitamins and Minerals: Roles, Deficiency Symptoms, and Food Sources

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards