Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left primary somatic sensory area of the cerebral cortex. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation on the right side of the body

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

During the propagation of an action potential, which ion rapidly enters the neuron, causing depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($\mathrm{Na^+}$)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct nerve impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin insulates the axon, allowing the action potential to jump between nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction)

Question 6

A patient is unable to speak after a stroke but can understand language. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It restores the original ionic conditions after an action potential by pumping 3 $\mathrm{Na^+}$ out and 2 $\mathrm{K^+}$ in, using ATP

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of fibers in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of fibers in the CNS

Question 9

A patient presents with loss of voluntary motor control but intact sensation. Which part of the spinal cord is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Ventral (anterior) horn

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal $\rightarrow$ calcium channels open $\rightarrow$ neurotransmitter released $\rightarrow$ neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory impulses ascending to the cerebral cortex

Question 12

A patient is experiencing difficulty with balance and coordination. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the blood-brain barrier is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows water, glucose, and amino acids to pass but blocks many harmful substances

Question 14

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 15

A patient has dry mouth and dilated pupils after taking a certain drug. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic system controls voluntary skeletal muscles, while the autonomic system controls involuntary muscles and glands

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a two-neuron reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, such as in the patellar reflex

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic axons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 19

A patient with a spinal cord injury loses the ability to feel pain and temperature in the lower limbs but retains motor function. Which spinal cord tract is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Chapter 7 - The Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards