$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of structure, while physiology is the study of function.

Question 2

Arrange the following levels of organization from simplest to most complex: tissue, organ, cell, organ system.

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature by sweating when overheated

Question 4

A scientist is studying how the heart rate changes in response to exercise. Which field of study does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

Systemic physiology

Question 5

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment

Question 6

If a receptor detects a decrease in blood glucose, which type of feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback to restore glucose to normal levels

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 8

A sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 10

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, giving water its unique properties

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing a primary source of energy

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds

Question 13

Which of the following is the monomer unit of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 14

A cell membrane is primarily composed of which two types of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer forms the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange in a bilayer with tails facing inward

Question 16

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The release of substances from the cell when vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane

Question 20

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells

Exam 1 Review: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions