Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct comparison between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the transport of proteins within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 6

During protein synthesis, which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 7

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase of interphase

Question 8

If a cell starts with 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through cellular respiration

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside} $$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component required for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

A patient’s cells are unable to pass the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells will not proceed to DNA replication and will not divide.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across the membrane via specific transport proteins, down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → mRNA leaves nucleus → Translation at ribosome → Protein formation

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining nerve cell resting potential

Question 17

Which equation represents the calculation of osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Pi = iMRT $$

Question 18

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in the cell cycle because:

Accepted Answer

They bypass cell cycle checkpoints and divide uncontrollably.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion

Question 20

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions