Question 1

Which organ system is primarily responsible for synthesizing vitamin D and housing cutaneous receptors?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 2

A patient is given a 0.9% NaCl intravenous solution. What is the effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain unchanged due to isotonicity.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function; for example, the sharp edges of incisors make them ideal for cutting.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

It reverses the direction of the original stimulus, preventing sudden severe changes.

Question 5

A molecule of ATP is broken down to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis (decomposition)

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents a neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective coolant for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat of vaporization, allowing it to absorb large amounts of heat before evaporating.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane of a cell?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol and proteins.

Question 11

A patient with a genetic disorder has a defect in their gap junctions. Which tissue function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Communication of ions between cardiac muscle cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, packages, and secretes compounds from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes hormones and lipids

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Disaccharide} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Monosaccharide}_1 + \mathrm{Monosaccharide}_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome?

Accepted Answer

Contains digestive enzymes that break down molecules and recycle organelles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of transitional epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Stretching in the urinary bladder and ureters

Question 17

Which of the following is true about connective tissue compared to epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue can be vascular or avascular, while epithelial tissue is always avascular.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a tissue type and its function?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue: transmits electrical signals

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increases surface area for absorption

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Exam 1 Study Guide: Human Body Orientation, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues

Study Guide - Practice Questions