Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which allows it to contract and pump blood.

Question 2

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a dangerously low blood pH of 7.0. Which of the following best describes the body's immediate response to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Buffer systems in the blood will bind excess $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions to raise the pH.

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is most directly responsible for the synthesis of proteins that will be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and why did this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water entered the cell due to a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of secondary active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in a concentration gradient established by primary active transport to move substances against their own gradients.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a serous membrane and the organ it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

Parietal pericardium – heart

Question 7

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients efficiently in the small intestine. Which cellular structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions, allowing reactions to occur rapidly at body temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about connective tissue is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains an extracellular matrix composed of ground substance and fibers.

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen production would most likely experience problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions requiring large amounts of ATP

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the second messenger signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

Ligand binds receptor → G protein activation → enzyme activation → second messenger production

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Its polar nature allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 17

A patient is given an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect will this solution have on the patient's red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

No net movement of water; cells remain unchanged because the solution is isotonic.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They minimize changes in pH by binding or releasing $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions as needed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a tissue type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle – voluntary movement

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The assembly of a polypeptide chain from an mRNA template at the ribosome.

Exam 1 Study Guide: The Human Body, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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