Question 1

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water retention in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption

Question 3

A patient presents with high blood glucose and low insulin levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between partial pressure, concentration, and solubility of a gas in blood according to Henry’s Law?

Accepted Answer

$$C = kP$$

Question 5

During inhalation, which muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of airflow through the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli

Question 7

Which formula best represents the calculation of tidal volume ($$V_T) in $$the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$V_T = V_E - V_D$$

Question 8

A person is hyperventilating. What effect does this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases (alkalosis)

Question 9

Which digestive enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 10

Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 11

Which process describes the conversion of ADP to ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 12

Which equation represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 13

Which metabolic pathway produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 14

Which term describes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased gas exchange efficiency

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of protein catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 19

Which structure in the digestive system is responsible for the majority of water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake

Exam 2 Review: Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, and Metabolic Systems

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