Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nodes of Ranvier in a myelinated neuron?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the rapid, saltatory conduction of action potentials.

Question 2

A patient presents with increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity after a car accident. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following cranial nerves is classified as both sensory and motor and is responsible for facial expressions and taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 5

A person is unable to maintain balance and coordinate voluntary movements after a head injury. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 6

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of a sensory nerve impulse from detection to response?

Accepted Answer

Free nerve ending → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

It provides nutrients and acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

Which structure of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with glaucoma. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve

Question 10

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland and is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between humoral and neural stimuli for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Humoral stimuli involve changes in blood levels of ions or nutrients, while neural stimuli involve direct nervous system stimulation.

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and acts to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 13

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is found to have high blood pressure due to increased sodium retention. Which hormone is most likely being overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It produces hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of sound waves through the ear to the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

Auricle → Tympanic membrane → Ossicles → Cochlea

Question 17

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's immediate 'fight or flight' response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the somatic nervous system compared to the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Question 20

A patient with cataracts is experiencing vision problems. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Clouding of the lens preventing light from properly focusing on the retina

Exam 2 Study Guide: Nervous System, Special Senses, and Endocrine System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards