Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of collagen fibers in the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

They give bone its flexibility, allowing it to resist twisting and stretching forces.

Question 2

A patient presents with elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates osteoblasts to deposit calcium into bone.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast – forms new bone matrix by secreting collagen and minerals.

Question 4

A 10-year-old child fractures their femur. The fracture is incomplete and occurs on the convex side of the bone. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the human body, especially long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 6

A patient with pituitary growth failure would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Short stature due to reduced growth hormone secretion

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} = +PTH_{secretion}$$

Question 8

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 9

The vertebral foramen serves which primary function in the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Passageway for the spinal cord

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the spinal curve with its classification and developmental timing?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar curve – secondary curve, develops after infancy

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a dislocation of the elbow after being pulled by the arm. This injury is commonly referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Nursemaid’s elbow, involving the dislocation of a diarthrosis joint

Question 12

Which of the following joint types allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 13

Which movement describes turning the palm of the hand from facing upward to facing downward?

Accepted Answer

Pronation

Question 14

Which of the following is a functional classification of joints that allows only slight movement?

Accepted Answer

Amphiarthrosis

Question 15

A patient with osteoarthritis is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Degeneration of articular cartilage leading to joint pain and stiffness

Question 16

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by adding new bone tissue to the surface

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M_{bone}$$), bone formation rate ($$F$$), and bone resorption rate ($$R) $$over time?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dM_{bone}}{dt} = F - R$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the sinuses in the skull?

Accepted Answer

They lighten the weight of the skull and help humidify inhaled air.

Question 20

A patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Progressive replacement of muscle and connective tissue with bone

Exam 3 Review: Bones, Skeleton, and Joints (Chapters 6-8)

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