Question 1

Which layer of tissue within the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptor cells responsible for detecting odorants?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory epithelium

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of taste sensation specifically on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

Which type of papillae on the tongue does NOT contain taste buds?

Accepted Answer

Filiform papillae

Question 4

During the process of olfactory transduction, which ion enters the olfactory receptor cell to initiate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Na\^+

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is released from taste cells when a sweet molecule binds to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 6

A person with astigmatism has difficulty focusing light on the retina. Which part of the eye is most likely misshapen?

Accepted Answer

Cornea

Question 7

Which muscle contracts to constrict the pupil during exposure to bright light?

Accepted Answer

Sphincter pupillae

Question 8

What is the primary protein component that detects wavelengths of visible light in photoreceptor cells?

Accepted Answer

Opsin

Question 9

Which region of the ear is designed to transfer sound wave vibrations to more specialized ear structures?

Accepted Answer

Middle ear

Question 10

Which structure in the cochlea contains hair cells that transduce sound vibrations into neural signals?

Accepted Answer

Organ of Corti

Question 11

Which type of receptor allows for the ability of hearing and equilibrium, and is specifically named in the ear?

Accepted Answer

Mechanoreceptor

Question 12

A patient has difficulty detecting head rotation. Which structure in the inner ear is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of sound waves that is perceived as pitch?

Accepted Answer

Frequency

Question 14

Which ganglia of the sympathetic division release neurotransmitters directly into the blood stream?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 15

During sympathetic activation, which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 16

Which cranial nerve provides roughly 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 17

Which organ receives instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Question 18

Which type of receptor is found on the effector organ that receives acetylcholine from postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Muscarinic receptor

Question 19

If a person is unable to distinguish between blue and green colors, which photopigment is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

S-cone opsin

Question 20

A cluster of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Exam 3 Review: Special Senses and Autonomic Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions