Question 1

Which of the following best describes a monosynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

It involves only one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.

Question 2

The patellar (knee-jerk) reflex is an example of which type of reflex?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 3

Which process is primarily responsible for muscle relaxation after contraction?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 5

Action potentials in the heart propagate in which sequence?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 6

According to Poiseuille’s law, resistance ($$R) to $$blood flow in a vessel is given by:

Accepted Answer

$$R = \frac{8 \eta L}{\pi r^4$}$$

Question 7

The 'lub' and 'dub' sounds of the heartbeat are caused by:

Accepted Answer

Closing of heart valves

Question 8

Which cavity does the heart lie in?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 9

Which vessels have the slowest flow rate of blood, and why?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries, because their total cross-sectional area is greatest

Question 10

Colloid osmotic pressure is important in capillary exchange because it:

Accepted Answer

Pulls water back into the capillaries from the interstitial space

Question 11

Which blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte; produced in the bone marrow

Question 12

Hemoglobin obtains its iron primarily from:

Accepted Answer

Dietary sources absorbed in the small intestine

Question 13

Hemophilia is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A genetic disorder affecting blood clotting, passed via X-linked inheritance

Question 14

Where are the lungs located in the body?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 15

Which muscle is primarily responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 16

What effect does bronchi dilation have on oxygen delivery?

Accepted Answer

Increases oxygen delivery by decreasing airway resistance

Question 17

For proper gas exchange in the lungs, the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) $$must be:

Accepted Answer

Higher in the alveoli than in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 18

Which is the primary method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma

Question 19

Which part of the brain controls rhythmic breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

Which receptor detects changes in partial pressure of oxygen and where is it located?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptor; located in the carotid and aortic bodies

Exam 3 Study Guide: Reflexes, Muscles, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions