$$\text{Bone Mass} = \text{Initial Mass} + k \times \text{Mechanical Stress}$$

$$\text{Bone Density} = \frac{\text{Bone Mass}}{\text{Bone Volume}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth that increases the diameter of bone by adding new bone tissue to the surface.

Question 2

A patient with a deficiency in parathyroid hormone (PTH) would most likely experience which of the following effects on bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone resorption and reduced blood calcium levels.

Question 3

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

The periosteum serves which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Provides a site for muscle attachment and contains osteogenic cells for bone growth and repair.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and mechanical stress according to Wolff’s law?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Mass} = 	ext{Initial Mass} + k 	imes 	ext{Mechanical Stress}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, which step occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Development of a cartilage model

Question 8

At what approximate age do bones typically reach peak density?

Accepted Answer

Around age 20-30

Question 9

Which bone in the lower extremity is NOT weight bearing?

Accepted Answer

Fibula

Question 10

The sphenoid bone is considered the 'keystone' of the skull because:

Accepted Answer

It forms the base of the cranium and articulates with all other cranial bones.

Question 11

Which three bones fuse together to form the pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 12

Which bone contains the Sella Turcica, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoid; it houses the pituitary gland

Question 13

Which section of the spine has the most mobility?

Accepted Answer

Cervical

Question 14

Why are hip dislocations rare compared to shoulder dislocations?

Accepted Answer

The hip joint is deeper and reinforced by strong ligaments and muscles.

Question 15

Which ligament of the knee prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur?

Accepted Answer

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 16

Which abnormal curvature of the spine is characterized by an exaggerated thoracic curve?

Accepted Answer

Kyphosis

Question 17

Which movement is unique to the thumb and allows it to touch the tips of other fingers?

Accepted Answer

Opposition

Question 18

Which bone markings are typically found where tendons or ligaments attach?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 19

Which bone is unique because it lacks a body and allows for nodding movements of the head?

Accepted Answer

Atlas (C1)

Question 20

Which equation best represents the calculation of bone density using mass and volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Density} = \frac{	ext{Bone Mass}}{	ext{Bone Volume}}$$

Exam 3 Study Guide: Skeletal System, Bones, and Joints (Ch. 6–8)

Study Guide - Practice Questions